CHAPTER I
RESEARCH
BACKGROUND
Indonesia is a land of exotic surprises, featuring the rich culture and arts of its people amidst the sandy beaches and cool mountains. It comprises about 13.700 islands, the principal ones being Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Irian Jaya. Indonesia has a population of over 170 million and it is a mosaic of many different ethnic, linguistic, religious, cultural groups and
some 250 spoken languages.
In east Java, one can find that every city speak their languages that may have varieties, dialects and various language styles. Although Javanese speak Java to communicate in particular places and situations they prefer to speak their own regional language to their speech community who
are from the same region. They usually try to create their own language style so that they can easily communicate with their speech community.
One of the cities in Java that the speech community creates a new term in the Javanese language is Lawang City. Lawang is a small city, which is located on the north part of Malang regency. It is also the border of Malang and Pasuruan. Lawang is a place where we can find both the country atmosphere, and the busy life of town.
Lawang’s speech community usually has their language style for communicating each other. As a Javanese who lives in Lawang and uses to speak Javanese with her family, the writer was interested to observe the phenomena of “the addition of PE in the Javanese language as the language style of Lawang’s speech community” by doing a research that might be important to contribute to sociolinguistic science. The writer also involves her self in doing the research. Although she speaks Javanese in her daily activities but she used to add her sentence with a particular term that have been understood by her speech community. The writer her self prefer to use the addition of Javanese language to speak without any addition at all because several factors; mood, solidarity, situation, topic of the speech, occasion, and habit.
There are three reasons which make the writer interested to observe this phenomena;
v It is unique
During the research, the writer found that the particular term of “PE”used for Lawang’s speech community only. So far, the writer also tries to introduce this term to another friends from the different cities but they never heard this before. It does not like the language style of malang’s speech community that we called it “walikan.” Not just the people who come from Malang that can understand the meaning but also another persons from another cities can understand it. In contrast to “walikan style” that have been known by public, the language style of Lawang’s speech community is unique.
v It is easy
The addition of “PE” makes thespeaker easier to communicate each other. It does not need other particular terms. Just giving the addition of ‘PE” before the Javanese language and making some reductions of words if it is necessary.
v It is understandable
By using this style there is no special changing in the Javanese language so that the language is understandable for communicating in Lawang’s speech community. One who concern with the languages used by this style will understand it well although he never learns it before.
Based on the reasons above the writer interested to make a research about “THE ADDITION OF ‘PE’ IN THE JAVANESE LANGUAGE AS THE LANGUAGE STYLE OF LAWANG’S SPEECH COMMUNITY.”
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
v Research Design
The study was a qualitative research, which described the phenomena in language style; this study did not need measurement or statistical data. The observations were merely based on the natural conversation of the writer her self with some of the writer’s neighbors, family, friends, relatives and other respondents that all of whom speak the Javanese and were assumed to use the language style by adding the particular term known as “PE” in their speeches.
During the observation activities, the writer was involving her self to have conversations with the entire respondents that have been mentioned above by using the addition of “PE” in Javanese language. So that the writer will get the real data from the natural occasion. The writer didn’t choose a particular topic for the conversation but she tried to have free topics based on the daily activities.
v Data and Source of the Data
The data used in this research was oral data, which were taken from the natural oral conversations from the entire respondent. This study was conducted to find out several things as follows:
Ø Why do the Lawang’s speech community prefer to use their
language style with any additions to speak with the pure Javanese language?
Ø When do they use a particular language style?
Ø What is the pattern used in Language style of Lawang’s speech community?
v Research Instrument
The instrument that is use in this research is the human instrument. The writer her self
that has the important role to make the research. In order to get the accurate data; the writer makes list of several points such as; the name of respondent with their social background, age, level of education, and their occupations. It also includes the date when the data taken, the occasion of when the conversation happens, the analyzing item, and the writing instrument.
To get the data the writer involves her self to make some conversations with the entire respondent because she also uses the same language style as her speech community in her daily activities.
v Data Collection
After having some conversations and wrote some points from the entire respondents, then she collected all the forms to be analyzed. Based on the data, she would describe the phenomena of language style of lawang’s speech community that were adjusted on several factors: mood, solidarity, situation, occasion, politeness, and habit.
CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS OF DATA
From Appendix 1
In this discourse, the writer has a simple conversation with her mother about the scholarship. She tells her mother that she got the scholarship from the university. The writer does not use the pure Javanese language but she prefers to use the addition of “Pe” in her utterances. Knowing that her mother also uses the same language style so that the writer does not change
her language style. Another consideration that influences the writer is the topic of conversation, which is quite dangerous to be known by public instead of these days.
From Appendix 2
The phenomena occurred in this discourse that the writer also uses the same language style with her friend in the same level. The usages of the “PE” addition in this case show that both the writer and her friend have known each other well. They like to use this style because of the
topic is secret thing so that it would not been known by other person who never knows this pattern. This style also makes the speakers feel comfortable during the conversation.
From Appendix 3
The language style in the utterances occurred because both the speakers want to make a joke after finishing the praying. Hopefully by using the language style, other listeners also give the contribution to the conversation.
From Appendix 4
In this discourse, there was the addition of “PE” as the language style. The speaker uses it because the conversation takes place in the market, which it visited by many people from other cities. There are consideration that force the speaker use this style rather than use the common Javanese language; the seller always give a discount when the speaker buy meat. If the speaker use common Javanese language it would been known by other buyers.
From Appendix 5
The phenomena occurred in the utterances because the speaker has the conversation with her little sister. The usage of the language style will add the familiarity between them. The sister does not have to worry to use this style because the impolite language. The language it self used by many people with various occupations and the different level of education and age.
From Appendix 6
In this case, the speaker use the language style in her conversation with her aunt because consideration of the aunt mood. Moreover, it is the tool to motivate the speaker to show her feeling of “tiring”. The language is informal based on conversation. It is common thing to use this language style.
From Appendix 7
The speaker prefer to use this language style than to use the common javanese language because she wants to give the person from the different level a self confident to have the conversation with one who comes from higher position. It will avoid the difference between the servant and her boss in using the same language style.
THE APPENDIXES
Appendix 1
(Conversation between the writer and her mother about the scholarship)
Writer (A) : Bu, pe-ak pe-en pe-du
Mother (B) : Pe-kap?
A : Pe-mang pe-es
B : Pe-ak yo?
A : Pe-ak bu, telungatus ewu
Appendix 2
(Conversation between the writer and her friend about the ceremony)
Friend (A) : Pe-lam pe-mar pe-wing pe-ram yo?
Writer (B) : Pe-ram nemen
A : Pe-sop sing pe-tek?
B : Pe-kab
A : Pe-nggo pe-op?
B : Pe-ak
Appendix 3
(Conversation between the writer and her neighbor about the Tarawih activities)
Writer (A) : Pe-mang pe-ak sing pe-sol
Neigh (B) : Iyo, la isih pe-an
A : Pe-im e yo pe-en
B ; Pe-en pe-nang pe-mas
Appendix 4
(Conversation between the writer and the seller of meat about the price of meat)
Writer (A) : Pe-pir pe-dag e?
Seller (B) : Sing pe-ap yo pe-lar
A : Pe-on sing pe-mur lan pe-ap
B : Yo, pe-gak pe-on
Appendix 5
(Conversation between the writer and her little sister about going out)
Sister (A) : Mbak hanik, pe-kap pe-met?
Writer (B): Pe-tuk pe-op
A : Pe-san
B : Yo, sore ae
Appendix 6
(Conversation between the writer and her aunt about her activity)
Writer (A) : Pe-gak pe-dol
Aunt (B) : Pe-ak pe-kes
A : Pe-tup yo
B : Pe-men pe-buk
Appendix 7
(Conversation between the writer and her aunt’s servant)
Writer (A) : Pe-gak pe-um pe-um a?
Servant (B): Pe-dur
A : Pe-ak a
B : Pe-gak, pe-tip a?
A : Wah, kok pe-nger pe-is pe-ak
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION
1. Lawang’s speech community has their own language style to communicate.
2. The language style used in Lawang has been known by adding a particular term called “PE.”
3. The speech community prefers to use the Javanese language with the addition to speak the
pure Javanese language without any addition
4. Some factors that influence people to use the language style are mood, solidarity, situation,
topic of speech, occasion, politeness, and habits.
5. The Lawang’s speech communities speak their own Javanese language to their speech
community who are from the same region.
6. The pattern that used in Lawang’s language style is “PE”+ Javanese language (whether the
prefix only or the suffix)
7. The addition of “PE” in Javanese language Has been used by lawang’s speech community from
the different age, occupations, and social background
